Fig. 3

Expression analysis of the identified differential proteins (DEPs) A. Volcano plot showing variations in protein expression from replicates 1 (left) and 2 (right) in U1 compared to U937 cells. The fold-change and log p-value were inputs. The x-axis shows the average fold change (Log₂), and the y-axis shows the negative p-value (-Log₁₀). Compared with that in U937 cells, the upregulated proteins in U1 (fold-difference ≥ 2.0 and p < 0.05) are highlighted in red, downregulated proteins in U1 (fold-difference ≤ 0.5 and p < 0.05) in blue, and others are shown in black. B. Venn diagrams showing the number of DEPs in U1 compared to U937 cells in two technical replicates. Lower and higher expression levels are indicated in blue and red, respectively. C. Clustering of DEPs in two technical replicates using a visualized heat map. Various color intensities indicate expression levels, and a log₂ scale was used in the color bar. The 12 labels included are indicated on the y-axis. The DEPs are shown as two lines at the bottom of the image. Odd numbers are shown in the lower line and highlighted by arrows, while even numbers are shown on the upper line. F represents replicate 1, and S represents replicate 2