Fig. 2

Cluster analysis and volcano plot of candidate DEPs. A Each horizontal group represents one protein, and each vertical group represents an independent sample. The proteins are divided into two categories and the samples are divided into two groups based on mathematical expression values. B Volcano plots are plotted using the difference ploidy (Log₂) and P-value (–Log₁₀) of the DEPs, with red representing up-regulated proteins, blue representing down-regulated proteins, and gray representing proteins with no significant expression differences. C Pie chart showing the proportion of up- and down-regulated differential proteins