Fig. 1

Liver model fabrication and characterization. a Experimental overview, (b) extracellular albumin (* p < 0.05, HM vs. 3DHL and 3DH), urea and glucose (* p < 0.05, unconditioned media (M) vs. conditioned media from 3DHL, 3DH and HM) levels for each culture condition after 72 h in culture